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Algol 68 implementations and dialects

by Paul McJones — last modified 2011-12-28 09:26

 

 

  • Barry James Mailloux. On the Implementation of Algol 68. Ph.D. thesis, University of Amsterdam, June 1968, 34 pages. Online at cwi.nl
  • C. H. A. Koster. Syntax-directed parsing of ALGOL 68 programs. MR 115, Mathematisch Centrum, 1970. Online at cwi.nl

    "Approximate text of a talk at the informal implementers conference in Vancouver, August 1969."

  • J. E. L. Peck, editor. ALGOL 68 Implementation: Proceedings of the IFIP Working Conference on ALGOL 68 Implementation, Munich, Germany, July 20-24, 1970. North Holland, 1971.
  • C. H. Lindsey. Survey of Viable ALGOL 68 Implementations. ALGOL Bulletin.

 

Algol68C (University of Cambridge)

  • S. R. Bourne, A. D. Birrell, and I. Walker. Algol68C Reference Manual, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory, 1975.
  • A. D. Birrell. Algol68C Implementors' Guide. Cambridge University Computer Laboratory, 1975.
  • P. Kemp. Writing the Elementary Function Procedures for the Algol68C Compiler. NSF/ERDA Workshop on Portability of Numerical Software, June 1976.
  • E. F. Elsworth. Intermediate Languages in Compilation. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge, 1976.
  • A. D. Birrell. Storage Management for Algol68. SIGPLAN Notices, Volume 12, Number 6 (June 1977).
  • Andrew D. Birrell. System Programming in a High Level Language. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge, December 1977. PDF at birrell.org
    • Appendix X is: Andrew B. Birrell. Algol68C on CAP. 32 pages.
  • S. R. Bourne. ZCODE, a Simple Machine. Cambridge University Computer Laboratory, tenth edition, 1977.
  • P. J. Gardner. A transportation of ALGOL68C. In Proceedings of the  Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference (Glasgow, Scotland, March 29 - 31,  1977). Association for Computing Machinery, pages 95-101. ACM Digital Library
  • Raymond Anderson. ALGOL68C on the Z80. Liverpool Software Gazette, March 1980, pages 52-57. PDF at 80bus.co.uk
  • ALGOL68C distribution tape 20.11, April 25, 1976.
  • C. H. Lindsey, editor. ALGOL 68 Implementations - ALGOL 68C - Release 1. ALGOL Bulletin, Number 45 (January 1980), pages 17-22. ACM Digital Library

    Describes versions for IBM 370, DECsystem-10/-20, and Telefunken TR440/TR445.

  • K. Hackenberg. ALGOL68 auf der CYBER 205. Bochumer Schriften zur Parallelen Datenverarbeitung 7, Rechenzentrum der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 1985.
  • Klaus Hackenberg. Implementation of ALGOL 68 on the CYBER 205. ALGOL Bulletin, Number 52, (August 1988), page 9. ACM Digital Library

    "Therefore ALGOL68 was implemented on the CYBER 205 in Bochum, a language which is more suitable for new machine architectures. On one hand it contains vector operations (like the assignation of rows) and on the other it allows the definition of new operators within the existing language. Together with the adaption of the ALGOL68C compiler (from the University of Cambridge) a prelude with vector operations has been designed which allows an efficient use of the special CYBER 205 hardware."

  • See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_68C

 

Algol 68 Genie (a68g)

"Algol 68 Genie (a68g) is a well-featured Algol 68 interpreter. It can be used for executing Algol 68 programs or scripts. Algol 68 is a rather lean orthogonal general-purpose language that is a beautiful means for denoting algorithms." [van der Veer]

  • Marcel van der Veer. Algol 68 Genie: An Algol 68 interpreter. Open source (GNU General Public License) source code and prebuilt binaries for WIN32. Online at http://www.xs4all.nl/~jmvdveer/
  • Marcel van der Veer, editor. Algol 68 Genie Documentation. Includes a retypeset version of the Revised Report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 68. Edition August 2009 for Algol 68 Genie Version 1.18.0. PDF at http://www.xs4all.nl/~jmvdveer/

 

Algol 68H (University of Alberta; Mathematisch Centrum)

  • H. J. Boom.The organization of the object code generator in Algol 68 H. IW 33/75, Mathematisch Centrum, 1975. Online at cwi.nl

    "The general approach to object code generation in the Algol 68 H compiler is presented. Algol 68 H is to be a compiler for all of Algol 68, written by one man in two or three years. The various intermediate languages used internally are explained, showing a gradual descent from a parse tree to a relocatable object module. ...

    Although the author is now at the Mathematisch Centrum, the work reported here was done at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada."

  • H. J. Boom and D. Grune.Textual management in an Algol 68 compiler. IW 51/75, Mathematisch Centrum, 1975. Online at cwi.nl
  • H. J. Boom. Code Generation in Algol 68H: An Overview. IW 103/78, Mathematisch Centrum, 1978. Online at cwi.nl

    "Algol 68H uses the Janus intermediate language to generate object code for the IBM 370.

    The general strategy used in the code generation process, and the mutual impact of Algol 68H and Janus on each other are described."

  • Hendrik Boom: A68H. Source code of ALGOL 68 compiler written in ALGOL W. Online at mtn-host.prjek.net

    "A68H was written in the 70's on IBM hardware. Two versions have been located -- project dumps dated 1974 and 1978. I'm trying to restore it to proper functioning on today's hardware -- PC's running Linux. The recent appearance of a new Algol W compiler provides a real boost to this project; that's the language it was written in. The main development branch is com.pooq.topoi.a68h.trunk. The 1974 and 1978 branches are repositories of mainly historical interest."

 

ALGOL 68-R (Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern)

"Being implementations of the original language, neither of these compilers [Munich nor MBLE] ever came into use outside their home bases. The Malvern ALGOL 68R compiler, on the other hand, restricted the language so as to permit l-pass compilation and also made numerous small language changes, for convenience of implementation. Some, but not all, of these changes were subsequently blessed by inclusion within [ALGOL 68 revised report]. Thus [ALGOL 68 report], [ALGOL 68 revised report], and ALGOL 68R could be regarded as three vertices of an equilateral triangle. It was available from 1970 onwards on ICL 1900 series machines, and became the most widely used implementation, especially in Great Britain." [Lindsey 1996]

  • I. F. Currie. Working description of ALGOL 68-R. Memorandum Number 2660, Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern. [Cited in: R. J. W. Housden. On string concepts and their implementation. Computer Journal, Volume 18, Number 2 (1975), pages 150-156. Oxford Journals]
  • I. F. Currie, S. G. Bond, and J. D. Morrison. ALGOL 68-R, Its Implementation and Use. In: J. E. L. Peck, editor. ALGOL 68 Implementation: Proceedings of the IFIP Working Conference on ALGOL 68 Implementation, Munich, Germany, July 20-24, 1970. North Holland, 1971, pages 360-363.
  • P. M. Woodward. Practical experience with Algol 68. Software: Practice and Experience. Volume 2, Number 1, 1972, pages 7-19. Wiley InterScience
  • R. A. Earnshaw. Graph plotting in ALGOL 68-R. Software: Practice and Experience, Volume 6, Number 1, 1976, pages 51-60. Wiley InterScience
  • Anonymous. Algol 68-R Programmers Manual. Reproduced by ICL on behalf of RSRE.
  • Algol 68-R Users Guide. H.M.S.O.
  • Anonymous. Algol 68-R System : Installation and Maintenance. Division of Computing and Software Research, Royal Radar Establishment, Malvern England, 4th edition, January 1977. DJVU at icl1900.co.uk

    "The Algol 68-R system is available in two versions, one which runs under GEORGE 3 (or GEORGE 4), and one which runs under Operators Executive (or any other operating system)."

  • See also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL_68R

 

ALGOL 68RS (Royal Signals and Radar Establishment, Malvern)

"Next, Malvern produced their second attempt, ALGOL 68RS, for their own in-house machines and available from 1977. This was much closer to [RR] than their first product, it was written to be machine independent, and it has been ported to the ICL 2900 series, to MULTICS and to VMS Vaxen. It is still the best starting point, should anyone wish a new (almost) full implementation." [Lindsey 1996]

  • S. G. Bond and P. M. Woodward. Introduction to the 'RS' Portable Algol 68 Compiler. RRE-TN-802, Royal Radar Establishment Malvern, August 1977, 31 pages. NTIS Accession number AD-A049-57.

    "This paper describes the portable compiler for Algol 68 developed at RSRE by Currie and Morison. Chapter 2 defines the language extensions handled by the compiler, and the system of modular compilation as seen by the user. Chapter 3 outlines the structure of a complete system, emphasizing the design of the intermediate language produced by the compiler for input to a machine-dependent translator. Though factual, this paper is not the system documentation."

  • Philip M. Woodward and Susan G. Bond. Guide to ALGOL 68 for users of RS systems. Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd., 1983.
  • Dave Taylour, ELLA Development Manager. ELLA 2000 second public release, software release 34.4, March 31, 1995. Language for electronic system design; build tools include A68toC translator (Malvern ALGOL 68RS) in source form (both Algol 68 and C source code). Software is under United Kingdom Crown Copyright; license allows its use for study purposes only. README at cs.nyu.edu Online at cs.nyu.edu
  • Dr. Sian Leitch. algol68toc. Linux port of A68toC, extracted from ELLA public release and extended with an implementation of the standard prelude. Version 1.8, September 2004. Online at sourceforge.net

 

ALGOL 68S (University of Liverpool; Carnegie-Mellon University; University of Manchester)

"Although a Subcommittee on Sublanguages had been formed at Manchester, it never produced anything concrete, and it was an independent effort by Peter Hibbard, implementing on a minicomputer with only 16K words at Liverpool, which eventually bore fruit. Hibbard's sublanguage, first introduced to the WG at Vienna, was intended for mainly numerical applications, and the features omitted from it were intended to simplify compilation. It was discussed by the WG and the Support Subcommittee on several occasions, and finally formulated as an addendum to the Report and released for publication as an IFIP Document at Munich. However, the final polishing lasted for some time until it eventually appeared as [Hibbard 1977]. ...
...
Hibbard's Liverpool implementation, around which his sublanguage ... was designed, was rewritten in BLISS for a PDP-11 when he moved to Carnegie Mellon, and was rewritten again by myself in Pascal and now runs on various machines. On the way, it acquired heap-generators (not in the original sublanguage), giving it nearly the functionality of the full language." [Lindsey 1996]

  • C. H. Lindsey, editor. ALGOL 68 Compiler for the DEC PDP11 Computer. ALGOL Bulletin, Number 42 (May 1978), page 3. ACM Digital Library

    "A one-pass compiler for ALGOL 68 on the PDP 11 Computer operating under both UNIX and RSX-11M Operating Systems is now available for distribution.

    The Compiler itself was written and developed at Liverpool University (U.K.) and Carnegie-Mellon University. The operating-system interfaces were provided by the University of Manitoba (Canada). The system has been successfully used in a number of programming language courses and as a general programming and research tool.

    The source language is an extended version of ALGOL 68S (the official IFIP subset of ALGOL 68). Thus, the major restrictions on the full ALGOL 68 language are the lack of formatted transput, flexible multiples (though strings are provided) and some one-pass implied restrictions on structured and multiple types and on the coercions (implicit type changes) allowed. Features provided which go beyond full ALGOL 68 include parallel processing using "eventual variables" and an interface to Macro 11 procedures.

    The system requires no special facilities beyond those available on the simplest PDP 11s. The version currently being distributed requires a space of 32K words (in addition to the operating system) to run. A second version incorporating a loader (thus requiring considerably less space) is in preparation. Those who order the existing system will receive the new version at no additional cost; this version should be available in late Spring 1978.

    Documentation on both source language and installation instructions for either or both operating systems will accompany the distribution tapes."

  • Paul Knueven?. Algol 68 User Manual, March 8, 1978. Manual for CMU ALGOL 68S OCR'ed by W. B. Kloke from copy made by Andy Walker. ASCII
  • Dr. C. H. Lindsey. ALGOL 68S interpreter executables for Sun3, Sparc (SunOS 4.1, Solaris 2), Atari ST (GemDOS) and Acorn Archimedes (RISCOS). Online at ftp.cs.man.ac.uk

    "This compiler makes use of the Amsterdam Compiler Kit, and permission has been given to include binaries of the necessary parts of the kit (see COPYRIGHT Notice)."

  • David Given, administrator. Amsterdam Compiler Kit. Cross-platform compiler and toolchain suite supporting several languages and target machines; includes ALGOL 68S. Version 6.0pre3, April 29, 2007. Online at sourceforge.net

    • ACK was originally developed by a project led by A. S. Tanenbaum at the Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

    “A68S is part of the ACK and an old version can be found on sourceforge: http://tack.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/tack/Ack/lang/a68s/.” [Neville Dempsey, personal communication, May 2010]

 

ALGOL-N (Kyoto University)

"The Japanese were also active in language design, and produced their own "ALGOL N" [AB30.3.2], a simplified form of ALGOL 68 with a simplified method of description." [Lindsey 1988]

  • S. Igarashi, T. Iwamura, K. Sakuma, T. Simauti, T. Simuzu, S. Takasu, E. Wada, and No. Yoneda. ALGOL-N. ALGOL Bulletin, Number 30 (February 1969), pages 38-85. ACM Digital Library

 

Berlin ALGOL 68 (Technische Universität Berlin)

  • Wilfried Koch and Cristoph Oeters. An abstract ALGOL 68 machine and its application in a machine independent compiler. In GI - 5. Jahrestagung (October 08 - 10, 1975). J. Mühlbacher, Ed. Lecture Notes In Computer Science, vol. 34. Springer-Verlag, London, 642-653. SpringerLink
  • Wilfried Koch and Cristoph Oeters. The Berlin ALGOL 68 implementation. In Proceedings of the Strathclyde ALGOL 68 Conference (Glasgow, Scotland, March 29 - 31, 1977). Association for Computing Machinery, pages 102-108. ACM Digital Library
  • D. A.Watt. Analysis-oriented two-level grammars, Ph.D.thesis, TU Berlin 1974. [Cited by http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1061729.1061733]

 

CDC ALGOL 68

"The most successful commercial implementation was by CDC Netherlands, first delivered in 1977 in response to a threat from several Dutch universities to buy only machines with ALGOL 68 available. It was an excellent compiler, but the parent company in the USA never showed any interest in it." [Lindsey 1996]

  • Anonymous. ALGOL 68 Version I Reference Manual. Control Data Services B.V., Rijswijk, Netherlands, 1976.
  • J. J. F. M Schlichting. An Early Implementation of Revised ALGOL 68. PhD Thesis, Technical University Delft, Delft, November 1989, 200 pages. Online at tudelft.nl

    "Describes the CDC Algol 68 implementation, which was produced under the supervision of the author. The compiler and the run-time system are treated equally extensively. Some special attention is given to the garbage collector, which uses self-describing references (pointers)." [Grune, Compiler Construction 1980-1989]

 

FLACC (Full Language Algol68 Checkout Compiler)

"Chris Thomson and Colin Broughton established the Chion Corporation, which developed and marketed FLACC (Full Language Algol 68 Checkout Compiler). This compiler and run-time system conformed exactly to the Revised Report, ran on IBM 370 and compatible mainframes, and included debugging features derived from WATFIV. It was released in 1977.

Chris was a student of Barry J. Mailloux, who studied at Amsterdam's Mathematisch Centrum from 1966 under Adriaan van Wijngaarden. His work on the Algol 68 language established the University of Alberta as a center for Algol 68-related activity." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLACC]

"You know, we only ever got 22 copies installed, and less than 5 of those in North America.  Even though it ran on 370's under MVS, CMS and MTS, and was cheap and reliable.  Talk about a marketing disaster. " [Chris Thomson, comp.lang.misc, November 27, 1988]

"The final commercial-strength product, called FLACC and first shipped in 1978, was a checkout compiler for IBM machines. This was produced by two of Mailloux's ex-students who set up their own company. Again, this was an excellent product (not fast, being a checkout system), but it did not spread far because they completely misjudged the price the market would pay." [Lindsey 1996]

  • Christopher Mark Thomson. The Run-Time structure of an ALGOL 68 Student Checkout Compiler. Master's thesis, Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, 1976. PDF
    • With Preface from Thomson, May 2011.
  • C. Thomson. ALGOL 68 Compiler for IBM S/370. Announcement. SIGPLAN Notices, Volume 13, Number 11 (November 1978), page 11. PDF at acm.org
  • Anonymous. FLACC User's Guide. Version 1.6, November 1981, Chion Corporation, Edmonton, Canada, 1981. PDF
    • With tribute to Barry J. Mailloux, May 2011 (last page).
  • C. H. Lindsey, editor. ALGOL 68 Implementations - FLACC. ALGOL Bulletin, Number 45 (January 1980), page 16. ACM Digital Library

 

Interactive Algol68 (Algol Applications Limited; Orthogonal Software; Oxford and Cambridge Compilers Limited)

 

Mary (Norwegian Institute of Technology; Penobscot Research Center)

"Mary was a programming language designed and implemented by RUNIT at Trondheim, Norway in the 1970s. It borrowed many features from ALGOL 68 but was designed for machine-oriented programming. ... The original Mary compiler was written in NU ALGOL, ran on the Univac-1100 series and was used to bootstrap a native compiler for ND-100/SINTRAN-III." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_(programming_language)]

"Mary was an Algol68 derivative for embedded systems ... There was a Mary/1 done at NTH, targeting the NDE and KV minicomputers, which were almost identical at the ISE level. We wrote an OS for those machines in Mary, which wound up being used in telephone switches made by NDE. ... Mary2 was done at Penobscot Research Center in Maine, running on Data General and Harris machines [and written in Mary/2]." [Ivan Godard (formerly known as Mark Rain), personal communication to Paul McJones, May 2010]

  • Mark Rain. Some formal language aspects of MARY. ALGOL Bulletin, Number 34 (July 1972), pages 45-81. ACM Digital Library
  • Mark Rain. Storage control in MARY. SIGPLAN Notices, Volume 7, Number 12 (December 1972), pages 31-39. ACM Digital Library
  • Mark Rain. Operation expressions in MARY. SIGPLAN Notices, Volume 8, Number 1 (January 1973), pages 7-14. ACM Digital Library
  • Mark Rain and Per Holager. The present most recent final word about labels in MARY. SIGPLAN Notices, Volume 8, Number 3 (March 1973), pages 24-32. ACM Digital Library
  • Mark Rain. Declaration Groups and Values of Declarations in MARY. ALGOL Bulletin, Number 35 (March 1973), pages 36-37. ACM Digital Library
  • Mark Rain. The structure of the MARY/2 compiler. Software Practice and Experience, Volume 11, Number 3 (October 1981), pages 225-235. Wiley InterScience

 

MBLE (Research Laboratory of Manufacture Belge de Lampes et de Materiel Electronique S.A., Brussels) ALGOL 68

"Branquart's compiler [on an Elecrologica X8] was a piece of research into compiler methodology rather than a serious production tool, but it did establish many features necessary to all compilers, particularly the storage of values and the layout of the stack, all documented in a series of MBLE Reports that were finally collated into [Branquart 1976]. The project consumed 20 man-years of effort, spread over the years 1967 to 1973." [Lindsey 1996]

  • P. Branquart, J.-P. Cardinael, J. Lewi, J.-P. Delescaille, and M. Vanbegin. Optimized Translation Process and its Application to ALGOL 68. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 38, Springer-Verlag, 1976. SpringerLink

 

Mini ALGOL 68 (Mathematisch Centrum)

  • L. Ammeraal. An interpreter for simple ALGOL 68 programs. IW 7/73, Mathematisch Centrum, 1973. Online at cwi.nl

    Abstract: "An interpretative implementation for a sublanguage of ALGOL 68 is informally described in this report. Since the implementation has been written in ALGOL 60 and there is no translation from ALGOL 68 source text to an object program, a high degree of machine independence has been achieved. The report includes both the text of the interpreter and some typical ALGOL 68 programs, along with the output produced by the interpreter."

  • L. Ammeraal. An Implementation of an ALGOL 68 Sublanguage.
    • IW 31/75, Mathematisch Centrum, 1975. Online at cwi.nl
    • International Computing Symposium 1975, North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam (1975), pages 49-53.
  • L. Ammeraal. On the design of programming languages including Mini ALGOL 68.
    • IW 35/75, Mathematisch Centrum, 1975. Online at cwi.nl
    • GI-5. Jahrestagung, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Volume 34 (1975), pages 500-504. SpringerLink
  • L. Ammeraal. Mini ALGOL 68 User's Guide.

    "Mini ALGOL 68 is a sublanguage of ALGOL 68 ...

    The compiler was first written in ALGOL 60, and then, for reasons of efficiency, rewritten in an ALGOL 60-like subset of PASCAL. It produces assembler code for the CONTROL DATA 6000 and CYBER machines. Some care has been taken, however, to facilitate modifications, if wanted, for the generation of code for other machines."

  • See also Rutgers Algol-68

 

Munich (Technische Hochschule Munich) ALGOL 68

"The implementations by Goos at Munich on a Telefunken TR4, and by Branquart at MBLE on an Electrologica-X8, were well under way by the appearance of [ALGOL 68 report]." [Lindsey 1996]

  • Gerhard Goos. Implementing ALGOL 68. Paper presented at Tenth Anniversary Colloquium, Zürich, May 1968. [See AB28.21.1, ALGOL Bulletin, Number 28 (July 1968), page 2. ACM Digital Library]
  • Gerhard Goos. Eine Implementierung von ALGOL 68. Report Number 6906, Rechenzentrum der Technische Universität München, 1969.
  • U. Hill, H. Scheidig, and H. Woessner. ALGOL 68 M. Report Number 7009, Technical University of Munich, 1970?. From Herbert Stoyan Collection on LISP Programming, Lot X5687.2010, Computer History Museum. PDF

    "The 'ALGOL 68 group' of the Technical University of Munich has been concerned for the past two years with the implementation of ALGOL 68. Essentially, the full language is handled, without the facilities of parallel processing and the synchronization operations, and with some further 'technical' restrictions. The implementation is nearly completed, and we expect that the compiler will go into multi-test-phase during 1971. The following pages attempt to summarize our experiences resulting from this intensive effort with ALGOL 68."

  • Gerhard Goos. Some problems in Compiling ALGOL 68. In: J. E. L. Peck, editor. ALGOL 68 Implementation: Proceedings of the IFIP Working Conference on ALGOL 68 Implementation, Munich, Germany, July 20-24, 1970. North Holland, 1971, pages 179-196.

 

Oklahoma State University Algol 68

Written in ANSI Fortran 1966, and run on an IBM 370/158 and an IBM 1130.

  • G. E. Hedrick and Alan Robertson. The Oklahoma State ALGOL 68 Subset Compiler. l975 International Conference on ALGOL 68. Stillwater, OK, June 10-12, l975.
  • G. E. Hedrick. Some Considerations in Implementation of a Portable ALGOL 68 Compiler. Proceedings of the l976 International Conference on ALGOL 68. New York. Courant Institute of Math Science. l977.
  • G. E. Hedrick. An adaptation of the contour model as a runtime environment for ALGOL68. The SOKEN KIYO, Volume 6, Number 3, January 1977.
  • G. E. Hedrick, Alan Robertson and Mark Goto. Grammars for ALGOL 68 Format Denotations and the Transput Facilities of the Oklahoma State University ALGOL 68 Compiler. Proceedings of the 5th Annual Implementors Conference, Guidel, France. Paris: INRIA, 1977.
  • G. E. Hedrick. ALGOL68 instruction at Oklahoma State University. In Proceedings of the Eighth SIGCSE Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (February 02 - 03, 1977). SIGCSE '77. ACM, New York, NY, pages 16-20. ACM Digital Library

 

Rutgers (DIMACS) Algol-68

"History: the Interpreter originates from the one made by L. Ammeraal in the Mathematical Center, Amsterdam, in 1973. It was written in Algol-60. The interpreter was debugged and implemented on an ICL 1903A machine by L. Csirmaz in 1974. The present competely revised version was written in C. The lexical analyzer was written by Sam Rebelsky, the other parts by L. Csirmaz, both at the University of Chicago. Later it has been ported to DOS and Linux by L. Csirmaz." [Csirmaz, 1987]

 

S3 for ICL 2900

"S3 is a structured, imperative high-level computer programming language. It was developed by the UK company International Computers Limited (ICL) for its 2900 Series mainframes. It is a system programming language based on ALGOL 68 but with data types and operators aligned to those offered by the 2900 Series. It was the implementation language of the operating system VME." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S3_(programming_language)]

 
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