• LISP 2
• LISP 1.5 for IBM 360 at SDC
• LISP 1.5 for Raytheon 704 at SDC
• CRISP for IBM 370 at SDC

LISP 2

"The LISP 2 project was a collaboration of System Development Corporation and Information International Inc., and was initially planned for the Q32 computer, which was built by IBM for military purposes and which had a 48 bit word and 18 bit addresses, i.e., it was better than the IBM 7090 for an ambitious project. Unfortunately, the Q32 at SDC was never equipped with more than 48K words of this memory. When it became clear that the Q32 had too little memory, it was decided to develop the language for the IBM 360/67 and the Digital Equipment PDP-6 — SDC was acquiring the former, while III and M.I.T. and Stanford preferred the latter. The project proved more expensive than expected, the collaboration proved more difficult than expected, and so LISP 2 was dropped. From a 1970s point of view, this was regrettable, because much more money has since been spent to develop LISPs with fewer features. However, it was not then known that the dominant machine for AI research would be the PDP-10, a successor of the PDP-6. A part of the AI community, e.g. BBN and SRI made what proved to be an architectural digression in doing AI work on the SDS 940 computer." [McCarthy 1978]

Source code

• LISP 2 system. 80 character/line, 1 inch notebook. Property of Jeff Barnett.
  • Scanned copy. PDF
  • Scanned copy, darker threshold setting. PDF
  • Jeff Barnett. Annotations. June 2010. HTML

Documentation

Most of these citations come from Stoyan. Compare with references in HOPL.

• Edward Fredkin. A LISP II Programming System. Proposal No. 64-12 submitted to System Development Corporation, Information International, Inc., December 30, 1964. PDF
• J. McCarthy. Storage Conventions in LISP 2, AIM-8 (Preliminary), Stanford University Artificial Intelligence Project, Stanford, Sep. 26, 1963, 5 pages. PDF

  "Storage conventions and a basic set of functions for LISP 2 are proposed. Since the memo was written, a way of supplementing the features of this system with the unique storage of list structure using a hash rule for computing the address in a separate free storage area for lists has been found."

• Anonymous. LISP 2 Specifications Conference, Stanford University, Stanford, 1963. PDF
• Michael Levin. Syntax of the New Language. Memo 68, Artificial Intelligence Project and Memorandum MAC-M-158, Project MAC, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 29, 1964, 14 pages. PDF at MIT
• Michael Levin. New Language Storage Conventions. Memo 69, Artificial Intelligence Project and Memorandum MAC-M-159, Project MAC, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 29, 1964, 8 pages. PDF at MIT
• R. W. Mitchell. LISP 2 Specifications Proposal. AIM-21, Stanford Artificial Intelligence Project, Stanford University, August 19, 1964, 12 pages. PDF

  "Specifications for a LISP 2 system are proposed. The source language is basically ALGOL 60 extended to include list processing, input/output and language extension facilities. The system would be implemented with a source language translator and optimizer, the output of which could be processed by either an interpreter or a compiler. The implementation is specified for a single address computer with particular reference to an IBM 7090 where necessary. Expected efficiency of the system for list processing is significantly greater than the LISP 1.5 interpreter and also somewhat better than the LISP 1.5 compiler. For execution of numeric algorithms the system should be comparable to many current "algebraic" compilers. Some familiarity with LISP 1.5, ALGOL and the IBM 7090 is assumed."

• Daniel G. Bobrow. String Manipulation in the New Language. Memo 71, Artificial Intelligence Project and Memorandum MAC-M-176, Project MAC, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, July 28, 1964, 8 pages. PDF at MIT

  "String manipulation can be made convenient within the *** language by implementing two function
     1) match[workspace; pattern]
  and
     2) construct[format; pmatch].
  In this memo I describe how I think these two functions can be implemented, and how they might be used to express operations now conveniently denoted in string manipulation languages such as COMIT, SNOBOL, and METEOR."

• Daniel G. Bobrow. The COMIT Feature in LISP II. AI Memo 76, MAC Memo 219, LISP II Project Memo 2, February 18, 1965, 9 pages. PDF at MIT
• S.L. Kameny and L. Hawkinson. LISP II Internal Storage Conventions. Tech Memo 1965.
• S.L. Kameny and L. Hawkinson. LISP II Intermediate Language. Tech Memo 1965.
• R. A. Saunders, J. A. Barnett, and Donna Firth. The LISP 2 Compiler. TM-2710/320/01, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, February 1, 1966. PDF
• S. L. Kameny. LISP 2 Primitives. TM-2260/005/05, System Development Corporation, February 9, 1966. PDF
• Erwin Book. The LISP version of the Meta Compiler. TM-2710/330/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, November 2, 1965, PDF at bitsavers.org
• Erwin Book. The LISP 2 Syntax Translator. TM-2710/331/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, April 15, 1966. PDF
• J. A. Barnett. SIM, An S-Expression Pattern-Matching Function. TM-2710/260/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, June 29, 1966. PDF
• L. Hawkinson. Technical Progress Report LISP 2 : Period Ending July 6, 1966. Information International Inc., July 12, 1966. PDF
• Michael Levin and Edmund Berkeley. LISP 2 PRIMER. TM-2710/101/00 (draft), System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, July 1966.
• Donna Firth and S.L. Kameny. Syntax of LISP 2 Tokens. TM-2710/210/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, August 25, 1966. PDF
• C. Weissman. LISP 2 Project : Input-Output. TM-2710/240/01, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, September 16, 1966. PDF
• J. A. Barnett. LISP 2 Programming Examples. SP-2604, System Development Corporation, September 20, 1966. PDF
• S. L. Kameny. LISP 2 Source Language Syntax Specifications for Syntax Translator. TM-2710/230/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, December 1966. PDF
• M. V. Howard. Operating Instructions for the LISP 2 Supervisor in the LISP 2 Core Image. TM-2710/510/00, System Development Corporation, October 14, 1966. PDF
• Anonymous. Are storage allocation headaches getting you down? Humorous one-page flyer for LISP 2. Information International Inc., 1967. PDF
• Paul W. Abrahams. LISP II Debugging. Technical memorandum, 1967. PDF
• Paul Abrahams. Conventions for writing LISP 2 syntax equations. Informal memorandum, System Development Corporation, January 10, 1967. PDF
• LISP 2 for IBM System/360. Document series TM-3417.
  • R. Wills. LISP 2 for the IBM S/360. TM-3417/000/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, April 26, 1967, 3 pages. PDF

    "This document establishes a document series (TM-34l7) for the LISP 2 language and processor designed for the IBM S/360 computer. This series includes documents describing the syntax and semantics of the LISP 2 language, system and program design specifications, documentation standards and conventions, and user information."

  • R. Wills. LISP 2 Document Conventions. TM-3417/001/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, April 26, 1967, 6 pages. PDF
  • Donna Firth and Paul W. Abrahams. LISP 2 Language Specifications. TM-3417/200/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, April 26, 1967, 48 pages. PDF
  • J. Barnett. LISP 2 Compiler Specifications. TM-3417/300/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, April 26, 1967, 8 pages. PDF
  • J. Barnett. LISP 2 Compiler Context Resolver Language and Processor Specifications. TM-3417/340/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, April 26, 1967, 26 pages. PDF
  • J. Barnett. LISP 2 Type Context Resolver Language and Processor Specifications. TM-3417/360/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, April 26, 1967, 16 pages. PDF
  • D. Anschultz. LISP 2 Compiler Machine Link Specifications. TM-3417/380/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, April 26, 1967, 4 pages. PDF
  • D. Anschultz. LISP 2 Compiler Register Counter and Code Generator Specifications. TM-3417/385/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, April 26, 1967, 12 pages. PDF
  • D. Crandell. LISP 2 Assembly Program (LAP) Specification. TM-3417/400/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, April 26, 1967, 24 pages. PDF
  • P. Stygar. LISP 2 Garbage Collector Specification. TM-3417/500/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, April 26, 1967, 16 pages. PDF
  • R. E. Long. LISP 2 Storage Management: Paging of Binary Programs. TM-3417/525/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, April 26, 1967, 5 pages. PDF
  • L. Hawkinson. LISP 2 Internal Storage Conventions. TM-3417/550/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, April 26, 1967, 29 pages. PDF
  • P. Stygar. LISP 2 Storage Management: The "Growing Pain" Problem. TM-3417/575/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, April 26, 1967, 6 pages. PDF
  • Donna Firth. LISP 2 Input/Output Specifications. TM-3417/600/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, April 26, 1967, 23 pages. PDF
  • L. Hawkinson. LISP 2 Core Image Generator (CIG) Specifications. TM-3417/700/00, System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, April 26, 1967, 5 pages. PDF

Papers

• Paul W. Abrahams, Jeffrey A. Barnett, Erwin Book, Donna Firth, Stanley L. Kameny, Clark Weissman, Lowell Hawkinson, Michael I. Levin and Robert A. Saunders. The LISP 2 Programming Language and System.
  • Proceedings of the Fall Joint Computer Conference, Volume 29, AFIPS, 1966, pages 661-676. PDF
  • Technical Memorandum TM-3163, Information International Inc. and System Development Corporation, September 26, 1966, iv+28 pages. PDF

    Revision reflecting "certain minor changes that have been made to the language since the earlier publication."

• Stanley L. Kameny, Lowell Hawkinson, Clark Weissman, Jeffrey A. Barnett, Robert A. Saunders, Erwin Book, Donna Firth, and Paul W. Abrahams. The Implementation of LISP 2. 1966? PDF
• Joel Weizenbaum. Review of "The LISP 2 Programming Language and System" by P.W. Abrahams et al. Review R67-22, IEEE Transactions on Electronic Computers, April 1967, pages 236-238. PDF

LISP 1.5 for IBM 360 at SDC

• J. A. Barnett and R. E. Long. The SDC LISP 1.5 System for IBM 360 Computers. SP-3043 System Development Corporation, Santa Monica, California, January 11, 1968, 18 pages. PDF
• Jeff Barnett. Notes on SDC LISP 1.5 System for IBM 360 Computers. June 2010. HTML

LISP 1.5 for Raytheon 704 at SDC

• Jeff Barnett. Notes on SDC Lisp for Raytheon 704 Computers. July 2010. HTML

CRISP for IBM 370 at SDC

CRISP was a Lisp-like programming language and system designed by Jeffrey A. Barnett and Doug Pintar specifically for speech research in the 1973-1974 timeframe. Its name derived from the phrase “Crunching Lisp,” and it was to run on the IBM 370 using the VM operating system. The CRISP runtime system was implemented and used via a powerful assembler, although the higher-level CRISP language was not implemented. For an overview, see: Barnett 2010 and Barnett 2009.

• Jeff Barnett. Notes on SDC CRISP for IBM 370 Computers. July 2010. HTML
• J. A. Barnett and D. L. Pintar. CRISP: A Programming Language and System. TM-5455/000/00 (DRAFT), System Development Department, December 31, 1974, 323 pages. PDF
• Jeffrey A. Barnett. The CRISP Programming Language System: an Historical Overview. A slide presentation to the Albuquerque Lisp/Scheme Group, September 20, 2009. PDF